Essay and Art Essay Example for Free

Essay and Art Essay In the essay Pablo Picasso: Living in His Own Shadow, author Ellen Goodman uses fact, emotion and personal experience to illustrate the cycles of creating and aging, living in the limelight and passing on the torch. Goodman captures the sadness and the beauty of being replaced or falling out of fame while using Picasso and his works as an example of how even the most talented of persons must succumb to limitation. Goodman makes a point that some artists graciously recognize when it is time to cease their works but others persist despite the fact that their prime has passed. According to Goodman, Pablo Picasso represents the limitations in which we all must recognize but also the beauty in rebellion and persistence. Goodman juxtaposes Picasso against many famous people who like Picasso grew old and eventually had to admit that they could no longer perform at peak performance. â€Å"It is said that when Picasso was a teenager, his artist-father gave the boy his own palette, brushers and colors, and never painted again, (LoRocco Coughlin, 1995, p. 198).† This actually seems to be factual. When Picasso was 13-years-old his father gave up painting admitting that his son had surpassed him in skill, (Pablo Picasso, n.d.). It is interesting that Goodman introduced the essay using this example considering the entire essay is about artists and well known figures who did not step out of the spotlight when their time was due.   Ã¢â‚¬Å"We feel sad that Joe DiMaggio sells coffee makers and uncomfortable that Willie Mays ‘stayed too long.’ Few of us know how to deal with the man or woman who ‘used to be’ somebody, (LoRocco Coughlin, p. 199).† Goodman describes her personal feelings when reviewing Picasso’s work at an art exhibit. She states that although Picasso was an exceptional artist at every age his later work is lacking in many ways. Goodman uses her observations to express sympathy toward Picasso as opposed to disdain for his later works. â€Å"Yet as we wandered through the last thirty years of his life, you could see it all slip. The exhibit kindly excludes the commercial peace doves and greeting card poster art of the last few years. But still, it is easy to see the versatility turning frenetic – the search turning downhill. There is even a sense that perhaps he began to imitate himself – not just create but to create ‘Picasso,’ (LoRocco Coughlin, p. 198).† In essence Goodman shows contempt for Joe DiMaggio and Willie Mays yet for Picasso Goodman expresses a sense of being perplexed and full of wonder, similar to her response to other artists including Frank Sinatra and Tennessee Williams. â€Å"It is something I have thought before. I’ve though of it whenever Tennessee Williams turns up in the news, alive but rarely well, writing poorly in comparison to his own brilliant retrospectives. I’ve thought of it when Frank Sinatra goes on stage, all blue eyes and strained vocal cords. They are pale versions of themselves, (LoRocco Coughlin, p. 198).† But was Picasso a â€Å"pale version† of himself? According to Goodman there was a sense of grace and rebellion in the fact that Picasso worked until his death. â€Å"There is something, not sad but remarkable, in this refusal to ‘act his age,’ or retire gracefully. Surrounded by his own collection of his favorite cubist work, he must have known his limits. But out of compulsion or conviction he kept working.† It is true that Picasso worked rigorously until his death. â€Å"Death holds no fear for me,’ Picasso recently told a friend. ‘It holds a kind of beauty. What I am afraid of is falling ill and not being able to work. That’s lost time, (Time, 1973,  ¶ 1).† Picasso, as opposed to Mays and DiMaggio, did not work to make extra funds doing something which reminds us of their failing talents, like sell coffeemakers, Picasso worked to work. He created for the enjoyment of creating. His final work may have been pale in comparison to the masterpieces of his youth but as Goodman points out everything in life pales in comparison with youth. â€Å"Living in your own shadow is a problem of aging athletes and beautiful women and artists and actors and, to an extent, all of us, (LoRocco Coughlin, 1995, p. 198).† Goodman’s experience at the exhibit for Picasso’s art left her contemplating what it would be like to find oneself living in a world where the past constantly haunts the present. She expresses the sadness of this by using examples of other artists and athletes who have made history and then faced limitations. But living with ones past is part of life and the limitations associated with aging do not have to be stifling. â€Å"Creation,’ Picasso said. ‘Is the only thing that interests me, (LoRocco Coughlin, 1995, p. 199).† This statement must have been true for Picasso, who spent his entire life creating despite the fact that his later years are not defined as his most influencial in terms of artistic expression. References LoRocco, C., Coughlin, J. (1995). The Art of Work: An Anthology of Workplace Literature (1st Edition ed.). : Glencoe/McGraw Hill. Pablo Picasso. (n.d.). Retrieved Jan. 4, 2009, from Wikipedia: www.wikipedia.com Time, H. (1973, April 23, 1973). Pablo Picasso’s Last Days and Final Journey. Time Magazine, .

Uzbekistan: Economy :: essays research papers fc

Overview:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Uzbekistan is a dry, landlocked country of which 11% consists of intensely cultivated, irrigated river valleys. More than 60% of its population lives in densely populated rural communities. Uzbekistan is now the world’s second largest cotton exporter, a large producer of gold and oil, and a regionally significant producer of chemicals and machinery. The IMF suspended Uzbekistan’s $185 million standby arrangement in late 1996 because of government steps to the negative external conditions generated by the Asian and Russian financial export and currency controls within its already largely closed economy. Economic policies that have repelled foreign investment are a major factor in the economy’s stagnation. A growing debt burden, persistent inflation, and a poor business climate led to disappointing growth in 2001. However, in December 2001 the government voiced a renewed interest in economic reform, seeking advice from the IMF and other financia l institutions (World 7). After independence, Uzbekistan tried to support inefficient state enterprises and shield consumers from the shocks of rapid economic reform. These policies eventually led to severe inflation and an economic crisis. Reforms brought inflation down to manageable levels and small businesses began to grow. Larger institutions are seeking joint ventures with international corporations. However, currency and trade restrictions remain too tight to encourage significant foreign investment. Falling global gold, copper, and cotton prices also hurt the economy. A privatization program is slowly being implemented with international support. Privatization is necessary to raise hard currency and promote economic development (Republic 4). GDP: purchasing power parity—$62 billion (2001 est.) GDP—per capita: purchasing power parity—$2,500 (2001est.) GDP—composition by sector: agriculture: 33% industry: 24% services: 43% (2001 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 23% (2001 est.) Labor force: 11.9 million (1998 est.) Labor force—by occupation: agriculture 44%, industry 20%, services 36% (1995) Unemployment rate: 10% plus another 20% underemployed (1999 est.) Budget: revenues: $4billion expenditures: $4.1 billion, including capital expenditures of $1.1 billion (1999 est.) Industries: textiles, food processing, machine building, metallurgy, natural gas, and chemicals Industrial production growth rate: 3.5% (2000) Electricity—production: 40.075 billion kWh (2000) Electricity—production by source: fossil fuel: 86.95% hydro: 13.05% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2000) Electricity—consumption: 4189 billion kWh (2000) Electricity—exports: 4.1 billion kWh (2000) Electricity—imports: 5 billion kWh (2000) Agriculture—products: cotton, vegetables, fruits, grain; livestock Exports: $2.8 billion (2001 est.) Exports—commodities: cotton 41.5%, gold 9.6%, energy products 9.6%, mineral fertilizers, ferrous metals, textiles, food products, and automobiles (1998 est.) Exports—partners: Russia16.7%, Switzerland 8.3%, UK 7.2%Ukraine, Eastern Europe, Western Europe Imports: $4.1 billion (1998)

AirAsia Consumer Behaviour Essay

1.0. Introduction AIRASIA: AirAsia is a Malaysian company, that introduced the Low Cost Carrier service to the domestic market and eventually the asian region. Currently AirAsia is  the leader in this market segment. Before it becomes the AirAsia that we all know today, AirAsia was a poorly performed company owned by a government-link company (GLC) in Malaysia, DRB-HICOM. In 2001, it was sold to the current owner, Tony Fernandes and its TuneAir company, for a sum of only RM1.00 or approximately US$0.30, together with its accumulated debt of RM40 million (AirAsia, 2008). Within two years, Tony Fernandes exceeds everyone’s expectations, and turned AirAsia to a profit making company. By the third year it was listed in the Kuala Lumpur bourse with outstanding IPO (initial Public Offer) of RM717.4 million (AirAsia, 2008). In 2006, the AirAsia was given the use of LCCT terminal in Malaysia, because its passenger load have expanded to such a capacity. This assignment will describe how AirAsia, managed to become the company it is today, started with a fleet of only 1 aircraft in 2001, to a fleet of 72 aircrafts, flies over 61 domestic and 108 international destinations, and operates over 400 flights daily from hubs located not only in Malaysia, but also Thailand and Indonesia, and launched AirAsia X for longer haul flights with its wide-body aircrafts, through the eyes of Consumer Behaviour, from psychological drivers, sociological drivers and consumer decision making process. 2.0. Psychological Drivers of consumer behaviour There are psychological drivers that influence the consumer’s behaviour. They are; motivation, perception, learning, values, beliefs and attitudes, and lifestyle, are useful for intrepeting the consumer’s buying process and directing the company’s marketing efforts. 2.1. Motivation. Motivation is the energizing force that causes behavior that satisfies a need. The needs are hierarchical, from the basic of it and higher. 2.1.1. Hierarchy of Needs From this Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, before AirAsia, air travel is generally considered in the higher hierarcy of needs, esteem, where some people intend to show others their ability to travel by air, and visit destinatations that others can’t. This is what AirAsia realized, they created the tagline â€Å"now everyone can fly†, hence creating the awarenes to the people, and also created the motivation that now air travel is no longer  considered in the ‘esteem’ hierarchy of needs, people can travel just to fulfil their Love/Belonging needs, whether people travel to seek the ones they love, friends or family, or they travel to please those loved ones, such as holiday destinations, by air. 2.1.2. Means-end chain. Means-end chain follow a time-honered approach for thinking about motivational issues. The central premise — that objects have value only because they produce desirable consequences or enable one to avoid negative consequences — is at the heart of most modern conceptualizations of motivation (Atkinson, 1964, Lewin, 1951, Tolman 1959). The above chain shows that at the end of the day, a consumer who purchase AirAsia as way of their air travel, will have excess money to save or to spend on something else in their travel or holiday. The ad above, shows that because of the AirAsia’s cheap price of airticket to London, consumers get to spend their money on something else, like shopping and visiting heritages places in London. AirAsia marketing people created the motivation of a desirable consequences if consumer purchase their service 2.2. Perception. Perception is â€Å"the process of assembling sensations into a useable mental representation of the world,..perception creates faces, melodies, works of art, illusions out of the raw material of sensation† (Coon, 1983) or to summarize, is the process by which physical sensations are selected, organised and interpreted. Individuals with the same need might not purchase or choose similar products or service due to the difference in perception. From the perceptual process model above (Solomon, 2006), AirAsia succeded in creating stimulations and attentions, and try to generalized the perception of people that now everyone can fly. Obviously they stimulate the sights first, by using the same tagline in every ads, media and online and billboards. Thus, consumers remember this information, which results when they want to purchase an airline ticket, AirAsia is the first choice comes to mind. 2.3. Learning Learning is â€Å"the process by which relatively permanent changes occur in behavioural potential as a result of experience† (Anderson, 1995). AirAsia’s marketing people understand consumer’s learning process affecting their decision making. 2.3.1. Behavioural Learning. Repeated exposure to an experience will result in the process of developing an automatic response to that particular situation. In the AirAsia case, the company is trying to develop that automatic response is choosing AirAsia as their airline, everytime a customer wants to buy an airline ticket. e.g: As AirAsia owns by Tune group who also owns the Hotel chain of Tune Hotel, the company able to sell air tickets together with hotel fares, resulted in cheaper and convenient way to travel. Customers learned that through the website, they can purchased the air ticket together with hotel. This resulted in repeated behaviour of purchasing AirAsia ticket, as the customer find it more convenient. 2.3.2. Cognitive Learning. AirAsia is trying to make connections between the two ideas of purchasing airline ticket together with the hotel. But now, as the customers uses the AirAsia website to purchase the air ticket, they can also choose a wider range of hotel choices, not just the AirAsia’s own Tune Hotel Chain. AirAsia through their website now also act as an agent, where customer, as they’re saving money by buying airasia’s ticket, have the options to spend more whether to indulge in more luxurious way of staying, by choosing more luxurious hotels that now available in the company’s website. The above screenshot of airasia’s website shows that cosumers can purchase airticket and hotel vouchers at the same time. 2.3.3. Brand Loyalty. One of the way of doing applicating learning principles by AirAsia is introducing their reward programs to AirAsia’s customers, there are the frequent flyer miles, or free ticket, or holiday vouchers to give away to its customers. These things reinforce their behaviour and build brand loyalty toward AirAsia itself. AirAsia is trying to educate the people, they themselves become the catalyst of the learning process. The outcome of learning is memory. By putting inputs and information out there, â€Å"now everyone can fly†, even the people who are not in needs of air travel, learned that there is now a cheap way to fly. Hence, this information is recovered from memory when these consumers are in need of air travel, and choose AirAsia. 2.4. Beliefs and Attitudes. Beliefs and attitudes play an essential role in influencing the buying decisions of consumers. No matter how good the service is, but if the consumer feels it is useless, he/she would never purchase it. From the attitude-towards-the-ad models, AirAsia, creates such an exposure to ads for consumers, with the same theme of red and white, in their billboards ads, website’s look, magazine and newspaper’s ads, thus affecting the beliefs towards the AirAsia brand. Constant exposure to these ads and commercials, with red and white coloured themed, create the attitude of choosing AirAsia, when the time is come for consumer to make a choice. 2.5. Lifestyle. A person’s activities, interests and opinions, often resulted in that particular person’s lifestyle. The technology nowadays created a new lifestyle in people’s life. Internet and smartphones is becoming more and more important to people. AirAsia recognized this, beside website as their purchasing portal, now people also can purchase air ticket and hotel voucher as well through their smartphones, by creating application for smartphone’s plattforms such as iOS and android. 3.0. Sociological Drivers of consumer behaviour 3.1. Personal Influence. Personal influences resulted from the interaction between one individual and others. These influences can also come from opinion leaders, where one individual can exert certain infulence over other people. e.g., in a working environment, when a manager decided to use AirAsia, even for his/her personal travel, his/her subordinances will be influenced to do the same  thing. 3.2. Reference Groups. When a certain individual looks to a group of people, as a basis of self-appraisal or as a source for personal standards, these group of people can be considered as Reference groups. Marketers must understand: how groups influence individual behaviour, how group influences vary accross products and brands, how to use group influences to develop effective strategies. Recognizing these groups can help the marketing people of AirAsia for their marketing strategies. There are three types of reference groups to create a difference in marketing implications: 3.2.1. Membership group. A membership group is where an individual is actually belong to. 3.2.2. Aspiration group. An aspiration group is a group where an individual want to be indentified to. 3.2.3. Dissociative group. A dissociative group is a group where one individual wants to maintain a distance to, because of differences in values or behaviour. 3.3. The Family. Differential influence of family members can affect the pruchasing decisions. AirAsia recognized this by introducing one credit card for all transactions in their home website. In asian region, in a family, decision usually carried out by the head of the family (the father), or the one who is providing for the whole family. Thus, even where a situation like a joint decision making is arised, the father who has the biggest income usually make the decision. In their website, a father, can create a username, which already included with all the credit card’s data. In this case, any family member who wants to purchase air ticket can easily use their husband’s/father’s username. 3.4. Social Class. Social class is a relatively permanent, homogeneous divisions in a society into which people sharing similar values, interests, and behaviour are grouped. The determinant of social class usually include occupation, source of income and education. AirAsia’s marketing strategies and advertisement spotted these social classes in society, especially the middle-class. The  rise of middle-class economy in asia pacific region created more value-oriented consumer, where value for money is important. Co-workers, students even housewives group can now easily travel and spend holiday together. 3.5. Culture Culture refers to the set of values, ideas and attitudes that are accepted by a homogeneous group of people and transmitted to the next generation. The South East Asian region, where AirAsia is based, is translated to a growing market. By studying the buying patterns of these people, AirAsia can focused their marketing strategies. These growing market in South East Asia, which also recognized by the growing economies, means more and more people have an extra disposable income. The South East Asian people are easily affected by others. A trend is easily formed, if a group of workers, families or students are using AirAsia to travel and explore new places and shared their experiences through social media, it can easily influence other similar groups in the society to do the same thing. 4.0. Consumer Decision Making process. 4.1. Problem recognition. First stage of the consumer decision making process is the problem recognition. At this stage, a consumer is perceiving a need. In AirAsia’s case, is the need to travel. In some AirAsia’s advertisement, the marketing people shows a numerous travel destination, with each separate own picture, and shows how cheap it is now to get to those places by using AirAsia as their airline. Hence, it is underlining the need of the people. This relates to marketing mix, of PRODUCT, PRICE and PLACE. For PRODUCT and PRICE, no airlines before airasia can provide this low fare of airtickets. As for PLACE, airasia provides more destination regionally than any other airlines and also have new sales office in major cities not just in Malaysia, but also Indonesia and the Phillippines. Another thing, the internet booking, how airasia manage to save consumer’s time in purchasing of airticket, people can now buy their airtickets online, or even from their smartphones. The ad shows how cheap it is to travel to Paris. The need to travel,  especially overseas, maybe as honeymoon, is already there, but now AirAsia, with these commercials all over the place, is enhancing that need. 4.2. Information search The information search by the consumers, clarify what options are there available to them. Which airline is the cheapest, which one is the most comfortable, hassle free and so on. There are two steps of information search; 4.2.1. Internal Search. Internal search is where one search one’s memory, recall any previous experience or information, in this case, related to air travel. An individual may remember how hard it is to purchase a ticket using a physical store, where the need to be at the travel agent physically and purchased the ticket. In marketing mix, PROMOTION, airasia is going all-out with their â€Å"now everyone can fly† tagline. Consumer can see this tagline everywhere; billboards on roadsides, magazines, newspaper, even on news website as pop-up advertisement. Airasia is trying to plant this tagline inside everyone’s mind, hence, by the time they want to purchase airticket, they straight away remember of airasia’s â€Å"now everyone can fly†. 4.2.2. External Search. Sources for external information are usually friends and family, public sources, and marketer-dominated source. Marketer-dominated sources are where AirAsia’s marketing team excelled at. Their advertising aggressive all over the place and media, their websites are constantly updating with new time-limited promotions, causing people to access it more often. Now, consumer’s can even subscribe for their newsletter by emails. In relation to marketing mix, airasia provide new PRODUCT/SERVICE. The screenshot above shows AirAsia comes up with hassle free website, with its flash page technology, that shows multiple destinations pictures that always changing in the home page. 4.3. Evaluation of alternatives At this stage, a consumer is evaluating what are the alternatives of choices  he/she has. The company will always enhancing what are their superiorities over competitors. PRICE is one obvious thing why consumer choose AirAsia, theirs will often cheaper than others. Other way doing this is always one step ahead in the technology side of marketing. AirAsia is the first airline that providing online purchasing through the internet. Now, where other low-cost airline also have the same feature on their website, AirAsia have come up with smartphone application. This application can be downloaded to a consumer’s smartphone, and he/she can easily make flight queries or purchasing ticket(s) or even buying hotel voucher, just by using his/her smartphone. 4.4. Purchase decision At this stage, consumer are making their decision in which airline service to choose. AirAsia’s marketing people understand at the previous stages of CDP, they have excelled. Hence, at this stage, their marketing mix, PRODUCT, PRICE, PROMOTION and PLACE of AirAsia have succesfully target the consumer and guiding them into purchasing their service. 4.5. Postpurchase behaviour At this stage, the consumer compares the service they purchased with expectations and is either satisfied of dissastified. Expentancy disconfirmation with performance approach (Oliver, 1997) and the balancing paradigm (Fournier and Mick, 1999) are two current theories of consumer satisfaction. Satisfaction more likely to lead to repeat purchase/loyalty and positive Word of Mouth (WOM). Dissatisfaction more likely to lead to brand switching, complaints and negative word of mouth (WOM). In AirAsia’s case, they try to minimize the consumer’s expectations as low as possible. The two pictures above are the screenshot of airasia website when consumer purchasing airticket. It clearly shows that passengers will not get in-flight refreshment, no complimentary luggage, no choice of seats, unless they purchase all of these things in the website. By doing this, AirAsia managed to get their customer’s expectations as low as possible, beacuse they don’t promise other than the service that you, as a customer, already purchased online. 5.0. Conclusion Airasia has established themselves as a profit making company and a succesful low cost carrier that prompted other airlines in the south east asian region to do the same thing. This company build their brand name with their tag line â€Å"now everyone can fly†, telling people that flying is now more affordable and easy. This tagline is also shaping their marketing mix. For their Product, Price, and Place, airasia clearly introduced a new way of flying by airlines, a cheap and easy one. At Consumer Decision Making process, the Product and Price influenced consumer at the Problem recognizition and Information search step process. With Promotion, they influence the steps of Information search and Purchase decision in the CDP process. Airasia is so aggressive in their promotional activities, by putting their tagline â€Å"now everyone can fly† in every advertisement and commercials. By understanding the psychological drivers and sociological drivers of consumer, airasia have executed its marketing plan briliantly, putting the type of advertisement that suitable. By understanding the Consumer Decision making process, AirAsia provide what kind of values that consumer seeks and asses in the information search, and evaluation of alternatives stages. By the time consumer making their purchase decision and postpurchase behaviour, these values are good enough to make them purchase airasia’s service and by not giving the consumer high expectations from the first time, the satisfaction rate from consumer is high. The succes story of AirAsia marketing strategies shows how important it is for a brand to understand the psychological drivers, sociological drivers and the decision making process of consumer behaviour. 6.0. Bibliography AirAsia.com, 2013. Corporate profile. [online] Available at: [Accessed 22 December 2013]. Cohen, J, B, and Warlop, L. A Motivational Perspective on Means-End Chains. [online] Available at: [Accessed 30 December 2013]. Hawkins, D. I., Best, R. J. and Coney, K. A., 2001. Consumer Behaviour: Building Marketing Strategy. 8th ed. New York: Irwin/McGraw-Hill. Lim, Y, K., Mohamed, R., Ariffin, A. and Guan, G, G., 2009. Branding an Airline: A Case Study of AirAsia. [online] Available at: [Accessed 22 December 2013]. Management of Technology, 2009. The AirAsia company strategic management:†How AirAsia can be a leader in the lowest cost carrier in the airplane industry†. [online] Available at: [Accessed 22 December 2013]. MANAGEMENT STUDY GUIDE, 2013. Social factors affecting Consumer Behaviour. [online] Available at: [Accessed 25 December 2013]. MANAGEMENT STUDY GUIDE, 2013. Psychological factors affecting Consumer Behaviour. [online] Available at: [Accessed 25 December 2013]. Onwutalobi and Claret, A., 2008. Understanding Marketing Mix in AirAsia Airline Bhd. [online] codewit. Available at: [Accessed 30 December 2013]. Sdsu, 2013. how to print notes. [online] Available at: [Accessed 25 December 2013]. Schiffman, L. G. and Kanuk, L. L., 2000. Consumer Behaviour. 7th ed. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc. The Market, Media, Life., 2013. MARKETING 101: PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS OF CONSUMER BUYER BEHAVIOUR. [online] Available at: [Accessed 25 December 2013]. The Market, Media, Life., 2013. MARKETING 101: SOCIAL FACTORS AFFECTING CONSUMER BUYER BEHAVIOUR. [online] Available at: [Accessed 25 December 2013]. THE TIMES 100, 2013. Marketing mix (Price, Place, Promotion, Product). [online] Available at: [Accessed 30 December 2013]. USC Marshall, 2008. Consumer Behaviour. [online] Available at: [Accessed 25 December 2013]. Yaashoda, Y., 2012. AirAsia Berhad: Strategic analysis of a leading low cost carrier in the Asian region. [online] Available at: [Accessed 22 December 2013]. Yeoh, E. and Chan, J, K, L., 2011. Malaysian Low Cost Airlines: Key Influencing Factors on Customers’ Repeat Purchase Intention. [online] IDOSI Publications. Available at: [Accessed 22 December 2013]. Yuswohady., 2012. Consumer 3000: Revolusi Konsumen Kelas Menengah Indonesia.

Article 33 - Online Casino Gaming Legality - 2030 Words

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Scandinavian Mythologies Essay - 1222 Words

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You ve also probably heard of Thor’s magical flying hammer, and the rainbow bridge that allows the gods to cross over to different realms. However, Norse mythology goes way deeper than just tales of a superhero conquering allRead MoreMisconception of the God of Lighting Marvels Version1610 Words   |  7 Pagesversion of Norse Mythology is actually different from the actual mythology which results a misconception of the myth to the people who watch the movie Thor. People sometime believe that Marvels version of Norse Mythology is the actual myth of Norse Mythology itself, because they believe that Marvel is telling the true tales in their own way. They sometime have forgotten that the movie Thor is an artist interpretation of the mythology. This means the author or artist takes some the mythology elements andRead MoreA Vikings Civilized World1265 Words   |  5 Pagesways of the Vikings. The Vikings’ myths, tradition, and religion were a ll important in their civilized ideas of living. 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Norse mythology also known as the Scandinavian mythology, is a kind of religion that was and is still practiced by some of the people in the Scandinavian countries (Vikings) and northern parts of Germany(Norse for Smart People, McCoy,Dan,2012-2016). In the last few decades, the stories and culture of the Vikings have increasinglyRead MoreThe Mythology Of Norse Mythology1659 Words   |  7 Pageslike it was untouched. Norse Mythology is a great example of this. The way that the gods were presented has changed. Their physical appearance and mentality has changed greatly. The way the gods think of themselves has been changed to where the things that they do in modern films and stories would make the character in Norse Mythology embarrassed. These few changes are very apparent in the characters Odin, Loki and Thor. Starting off, their background from Norse Mythology. First, Odin, the God of War

Essay on Hamlets Obsession with Death - 1065 Words

Hamlets Obsession With Death In Hamlet, William Shakespeare presents the main character Hamlet as a man who is fixated on death. Shakespeare uses this obsession to explore both Hamlets desire for revenge and his need for assurance. In the process, Shakespeare directs Hamlet to reflect on basic principles such as justice and truth by offering many examples of Hamlets compulsive behavior; as thoughts of death are never far from his mind. It is apparent that Hamlet is haunted by his fathers death. When Hamlet encounters the ghost of his father, their conversation raises all kinds of unthinkable questions, for example murder by a brother, unfaithful mother, that triggers Hamlets obsession. He feels compelled to determine the reliability†¦show more content†¦The ghost already has an idea in his own mind about his revenge when he says, quot;But howsomever thou pursues this act, / taint not thy mind, nor let thy soul contrive / against thy mother aughtquot; (1.5.91-93). Hamlet hides his desire for revenge by s aying, quot;Theres never a villain Dwelling in all Denmark but hes an arrant knavequot; (1.5.137-138). When Hamlet finds out that his friends had heard the whole conversation between the ghost and himself, he makes them swear not to say a thing, and intentionally pretends to be crazy. Hamlets madness also allows him to avoid truth in his pursuit of revenge. Although Hamlet overtly wants to know the truth, his behavior is quite contradicting. By avoiding a confrontation with Claudius and accusing him directly of wrongdoing, Hamlet also avoids the possibility of truly knowing what happened. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; In general, however, Hamlet is a man who needs to be in control of his actions and assured of the outcomes. Hamlet does not act rashly, but continuously delays his actions while he tries to obtain more accurate knowledge about what he should do. From Act 1 through Act 4, Hamlet carefully thinksShow MoreRelatedHamlets Obsession with Death1120 Words   |  5 PagesHamlets Obsession With Death In Hamlet, William Shakespeare presents the main character Hamlet as a man who is fixated on death. Shakespeare uses this obsession to explore both Hamlets desire for revenge and his need for assurance. In the process, Shakespeare directs Hamlet to reflect on basic principles such as justice and truth by offering many examples of Hamlets compulsive behavior; as thoughts of death are never far from his mind. It is apparent that Hamlet is haunted by his fathers deathRead MoreEssay about Hamlet702 Words   |  3 Pagesdestruction of character due to this tragic flaw, which usually means death. These three characteristics join together to create the framework for a tragic hero. The Character Hamlet, from William Shakespeares novel Hamlet fits the mold of a tragic hero perfectly as he meets all three of the requirements. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The first characteristic, a good and admirable man of high position, is easily covered by Hamlet. He was definitely an honorable person as he was looked up upon by allRead MoreAnalysis of Hamlet’s Behavior through Minor Characters1280 Words   |  6 Pagescommitted, the line between avenging and revenging becomes unclear. This is seen in William Shakespeare’s Hamlet. The deceased king’s son, Hamlet, embarks on a quest to avenge the death of his father, who was murdered by his uncle. Throughout the play, and the progression of his quest, it is apparent that Hamlet is a complicated character. As the play progresses the reader is able to see that Hamlet has an inability to take action, portrayed through his failed attempts at murdering his uncle to avengeRead MorePsychoanalysis Of Hamlet1171 Words   |  5 PagesPsychoanalysis of Shakespeare’s Hamlet In the world of literature, drama is one of the more subconsciously relatable and personable subgenres. Fiction and poetry may convey common events or stories, but drama uniquely presents them before the audience’s eyes, where every detail is analyzed and absorbed. Because drama is physically portrayed through actors, the audience members process body language and physical aspects of the stage in conjunction with the spoken script, to piece together individualRead MoreHamlet Character Analysis918 Words   |  4 PagesIn the play Hamlet, Shakespeare raises the question regarding deception and the differences between â€Å"seeming† and â€Å"being†. Each character is trying to decipher what each other are truly thinking, contrary to what they are pretending to think. Shakespeare sets Hamlet up to illustrate the complexity of how one must deceive others to reveal the truth.  ¬Ã‚ ¬The coexistence of appearances and reality develops as the Danish court gets engulf ed in a web of corruption, lies and deception. Through how ShakespeareRead More Madness and Insanity in Shakespeares Hamlet - From Obsession to Insanity1006 Words   |  5 PagesFrom Obsession to Madness in Hamlet      Ã‚   In Shakespeares play Hamlet, there are several questions that come to the readers mind regarding the emotional state of Hamlet.   Was Hamlet really suffering from madness, as many of his friends and family thought?   Was he mad or just pretending to be mad?   Did Hamlet start out pretending to be mad, and his obsession drove him to madness?   The reader gets insight into Hamlets mental status through other characters and through Hamlet himself. If theRead MoreWilliam Shakespeares Hamlet Essay706 Words   |  3 Pages Summary: Hamlet is upset with his mother’s hasty marriage to his King Uncle Father, Claudius following his father’s death. He suspects foul play which is later confirmed by the ghost of his father. Now, Hamlet is set on avenging the death of his father as a favor to him. At the same time, he must figure out who is more at fault, his mother or uncle-father. This completely messes with Hamlet’s mind and he is confused entirely on his situation. His reaction to her marriage in the first place sentRead MoreHamlet, By William Shakespeare1539 Words   |  7 Pagesthey chosen. Was it the act of God? Are they destined to do great thing? Or maybe were they meant to obliterate the very achievements that others have set for themselves? Hamlet, throughout many points of the play, questions the idea of the afterlife and how it corresponds with the reality of death. He deeply explores this obsession with his own issues of identity to what it truly means to be human. His realization on life dictates his personal, political, social, moral, and religious identities whichRead MoreHamlets Madness Essay1147 Words   |  5 PagesShakespeare’s famous play Hamlet parallels this quote as it portrays his character caught in a mental battle as a result of his madness. When left alone to his thoughts, Hamlet contemplates decisions to the point of obsession, leading him into isolation. He can no longer distinguish fantasy fro m reality in turn motivating his impulsive behavior and stripping him of his integrity. Shakespeare has Hamlet feign madness however, as a result of his father’s murder, the obsession to plot revenge on ClaudiusRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Hamlet - Suicide And Selfhood Essay1365 Words   |  6 Pages â€Å"This above all, to thine own self be true† (Shakespeare 1.3.78)--suicide and selfhood: two issues that Hamlet ruminates on throughout Hamlet. Shakespeare reveals the connection between these two ideas through his references to Christianity throughout the play. By juxtaposing characters’ treatment of suicide and murder--two equally grave sins in a world governed by Christian morals--Shakespeare presents suicide as the greater sin because it represents something worse: the annihilation of the self

Physiological Principles for Health

Question: Discuss about the Physiological Principles for Health and Social Care? Answer: Introduction This study is based on the understanding of the different physiological principles and the knowledge of the normal physiology of the service users, in order to provide a complete and comprehensive care services to the service users. It has been seen that detailed knowledge of the human physiology allows the service users to provide the efficient care to the service users. The study describes the normal physiology of the human body including the skeletal and the muscular systems and their coordination to promote the growth of the body. The importance of the routine measures to provide the efficient care plan for the service users has been described in this study. Discussing the body systems and its main anatomical features The Skeletal system consists of the bones and the framework of bones that provide the structure to the body, The skeletal system consists of the association of the bones along with the muscles to allow the body to maintain balance and establish effective movements.The Muscular system provides the flexibility and the coordination of the body and allows the body to move. The muscular systems consist of the muscles and the soft tissues that are connected to the muscles and the bones and thus help the body to move freely. The Digestive system is concerned with the digestion of the food particles that are ingested through the mouth. The digestive system consists of a stomach and the pancreas along with the pancreatic juices and the other enzymes, that are involved in the breaking down of the complex food into simple units to be readily used up by the cells for their metabolism (Kim and Chung, 2015, p.8942). The Circulatory systemof the human body is involved in the circulation of the oxyg enated blood from the lungs to the heart to the different parts of the body, to allow cellular respiration and metabolism, and the transportation of the deoxygenated blood from the different parts of the body to the heart and to the lungs for the oxygenation. The Urinary system of the human beings specifically functions in the excretion of the waste materials that are produced after the reabsorption through the kidneys. The Endocrine system is concerned with the production of hormones, which are needed for the growth of the body and the development of the body activities and body features. The Lymphatic system constitutes the lymphatic vessels that are a part of the body system of the human beings that deals with the elimination of the toxins that have been accumulated in the body over a specific time period. The decisions that are generally made by the body, are controlled by the Nervous system of the body (Blum et al., 2012, p.115). It ensures that the neurones, that are the struc tural and functional unit of the nervous system, carry the responses from the external environment to the brain and the spinal cord and the responses are accordingly generated. It enables the body to maintain coordination with the external environment. Figure 1: Human Anatomy (Source: Blum et al. 2012, p.115) Immune System The immune system of the human body is involved in providing the immune protection or immunity to the human body. These constitute the fighting ability of the body against the foreign particles or pathogens that enter the body, through various routes and causes infection. The immune system of the body consists of specialised cells inside the body including the macrophages, the natural killer cells, the lymphatic cells, the white blood cells and the antibodies. Whenever a foreign particle or antigen enters the body, the first line of immunity continues to act on the particle to eliminate them, and these include the macrophages and the white blood cells. Further, if the particles are unable to destroy and eliminate the antigen, specialised and specific immune cells called the antibodies comes into play and eliminates the antigens (Brodin et al., 2015, p.39). Figure 2: Immune System (Source: Brodin et al., 2015, p.41) Reproductive System The overall system of the reproduction in the human beings is controlled by the reproductive system of the body. The reproductive system in the males consists of the penis and the testes that are concerned with the production and the release of sperm. In females, the reproductive systems constitute the ovaries and the vagina, which are involved in the production of the ovum or the eggs. The reproduction stages and the reproductive ability of the human beings appear after a definite time period and are tightly regulated inside the body. The stage at which the reproductive phase of the human beings develops is referred to as the puberty age. The reproductive units become highly functional and are accompanied by the hormonal regulation of the reproductive organs (Sweeney et al., 2015, p.352). Figure 3: Reproductive System (Source: Sweeney et al., 2015, p.353) Respiratory System The respiratory system is involved in the respiration in human beings. On account of the respiratory system, the air is taken in or inhaled through the nose. The air contains a variety of gases including oxygen and passes through the windpipe, to the lungs and in the alveoli; the air is filtered for oxygen, which is dissolved in the nearby blood vessels. This mechanism is important as the cells of the human body undergo the cellular respiration and cellular metabolism, at the expense of the dissolved oxygen in the blood (Haid et al., 2016, p.3066). Figure 4: Respiratory System (Source: Haid et al., 2016, p.3067) Discussing the role of cellular metabolism and the body growth in the context of the Growth Hormone The normal functioning of the body is available on account of the coordination of the cellular metabolism of the body corresponding to the growth hormone and its secretion. In the cellular level, the cells of the body metabolise and this process is referred to as the cellular metabolism. The major aim of the metabolism is the generation of Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP). These may occur in two phases, catabolism and anabolism (Devaraj et al., 2013, p.622). In catabolism, the larger molecules are broken and a large amount of smaller molecules and a huge amount of energy is generated. On the other hand, in anabolism, the smaller molecules are aggregated to form the larger units, by the utilisation of energy. Figure 5: Catabolism and Anabolism (Source: Devaraj et al., 2013, p.621) The growth hormone is related to the external and the internal growth of the human body. The Somatotropic cells of the Pituitary gland are concerned with the production of the Growth Hormone (GH). As stated by Mady (2013, p.80), the fat cells contain the receptors that bind the growth hormones and the division of the cells occur. Correspondingly it is accompanied by the growth of the organs and the body parts. After a specific period of time, the production of the GH stops and the normal growth of the body are hindered. Therefore, it may be ascertained that the growth of the body is coordinated by the growth hormone. Explanation of body response to physical activities (ref: appendix 1) The human body is a machine that needs energy for survival and growth. As supported by Haskell et al. (2009, p.281), physical activities is a critical part of the healthy life living. Due to the increased pressure in the modern work culture, the activities of the normal human being have become limited. This has resulted in the occurrence of different diseases and deteriorating the health of a normal individual. Different physical activities like exercises, running, swimming and yoga help an individual to remain fit and healthy. These activities result in the rigorous functioning of the organs in the human body, which increases their capacity and longevity. The first system that is heavily affected by physical exercise is the respiratory system of the body. Daily activities help in increasing the capacity of lungs to inhale more amount of oxygen. This assists in delivering more energy as well as oxygen to the muscles and organs of the body thus strengthening it. Running raises the dem and for more oxygen in the body as the process involves excessive loss of oxygen and energy. Thus, every organ in the body tends to work rigorously for obtaining energy for the body. It also affects his digestion system I an effective manner. Due to an excessive need of energy, the digestive organs of the body tend to work harder which increases the metabolism rate. Thus, the body absorbs every source of energy that is given to it in the form of food. Proper digestion of the food results in proper excretion of the waste products from the body. Thus, every organ of the body tends to function properly and increases the overall stamina and standard of health of the individual. As supported by Waxman (2005, p.164), the exercise results in strengthening the muscles and smoothening the joints due to which the limb movement and coordination get better. Thus, increases his reflex and keeps him active for a longer period. Explanation of body responses of physiology as well as cellular and tissue structure (ref: Appendix 2) A human body is composed of different types of cells that create tissues. Every organ and muscle in the body is made of tissues. Proper training and exercise help in better muscle expansion and contraction thus increasing its mass as well as strength. As suggested by Heaphy and Dutton (2008, p.145), due to the regular exercise the muscles functions rigorously which result in its demand for more oxygen. Thus, proper nutrition helps in its faster recovery and strengthening. Every limb in the body tends to become stronger and active with time. The muscles in the body get stronger and faster as well due to regular exercise. The locomotion of the movable joints gets smoother with excessive exercise thus, resulting in non-occurrence of joint issues. The exercise also increases the heart rate thus, resulting in more and faster blood circulation in the body. Due to loss of oxygen, the heart beats faster for delivering more oxygen through blood to every organ and limbs of the body. This resul ts in better blood circulation and better transition and distribution of nutrients in the body. The loss of excessive energy results in the rigorous functioning of the digestive system in the body. Due to which the metabolism rate increases and results in better absorption of the nutrients for recovering more energy. The respiratory system of the body increases which fastens the rate at which the lungs inhale and exhale gases. The carbon dioxide in the body is the waste product that occurs due to the functioning of the every organ in the body. Thus, the body tends to replace it with the oxygen, as it is the pure source of energy. The lung capacity of absorbing or collecting oxygen increases due to exercise thus helps in providing the body with more amount of energy in the long term. As supported by Rose and Woolsey, (1949, p.450), every organ in the body is made up of a cell such as a wall of stomach, intestines, kidneys, muscles, neurones, blood and lymph. Explanation of coordination of internal activities by the human body (ref: Appendix 3) Due to regular exercise, every organ of the body tends to work properly and co-ordinately. Every system and organs of the human body are interdependent. Without proper functioning of even one system would hamper the overall health of an individual. Proper body functioning requires the contribution from every organ. The whole process of absorbing the energy and excretion of the waste product is known as homeostatic. The process involves the absorption of the necessary nutrients from the food that is consumed. After exercise, the body requires the huge amount of energy for recovery. Thus, the respiratory system works harder to gather oxygen for the body and distribute it among the main organs for proper functioning. As the food reaches the stomach, the digestive system, which includes liver and pancreas, works hard to digest it and absorb the available nutrients from it to fulfil the need of energy. As supported by Bouillon et al. (1995, p.240), the endocrine system in the body produces or secretes hormones that provide that control with the activity of the organs. It helps in increasing the metabolism of the body thus, enabling its growth. The automatic nervous system regulates the internal organs of the body such as the heart, liver and muscles in the body. The nervous system activates the organs at the right time when it is required by the body. It controls the heart rate as per the need of energy in the body. It also regulates the activity of the liver for proper digestion of the food as per the requirement of energy by the body. The role of the kidney can be said as excreting the waste products in the form of fluid from the body. It excretes the waste, as it is harmful to the body. The kidney also produces vitamin D that is necessary for keeping the bones strong and healthy. As supported by Featherston et al. (1973, p.128), it regulates the production the red blood cells in the body. Skin in the human body provides protection from the external elements such as germs, pollution, temperature, radiation and chemicals. Explaining the ways of recording the routine measures and their impact in Healthcare From the case study, it has been evident that the individual suffers from obesity. Therefore, it is essential to measure the blood pressure and the condition of the heart. Moreover, the temperature and pulse of the patient are required to be monitored effectively. As stated by Chen et al. (2013, p.1), it is important for the service providers to provide and treat the individual with respect and dignity. It allows the service providers to communicate with the individual and assess the areas of comforts and discomforts of the individual. The temperature and the pulse allow the service providers to obtain the immune status of the body of the individual. As the body temperature increases, if the interaction with antigens is noted. Therefore, if the body temperature is noted to be high, it may be ascertained that the patient may have contracted with infection. The Blood pressure is to be monitored to measure the condition of the blood flow. As the patient is affected with obesity, if the blood pressure is high, the patient may experience the stroke. Therefore, as mentioned by Bradley et al. (2016, p.488), the conditions of the heart are needed to be measured regularly by monitoring the blood pressure and the Electrocardiographic analysis of the heart. It is important to note that the atherosclerosis is not observed on account of obesity as it may lead to stroke or heart attack in the patient. Assessing the importance of the routine measures in obtaining the body status of the person The temperature of the body reveals whether the body interacted with the foreign infections or particles or not. Therefore, if the body temperature of the patient is monitored, the immune status of the body may be determined. Further, if the body temperatures are high, blood Temperature tests are advisable for the patients to confirm the immune status of the patient.The pulse determination is essential for the patients as the pulse reflects the functioning ability and the stability of the heart of the patient. As the patient suffers from obesity and chest pains, the pulse Pulse determination is essential to monitor the condition of the heart, to prevent the chances of stroke ( . Santana et al ., 2015, p.1711) Blood Pressure The blood pressure is routinely measured especially in the patients suffering from obesity, as a number of body functioning are related to the blood pressure. The blood pressure may measure the status of the blood vessels of the individuals as the patient may develop atherosclerosis and therefore the strokes may be prevented. ECG The Electrocardiogram (ECG) measures the status of the heart. As the patient experiences pain in the chest and is affected by obesity, it is important to monitor the status of the heart, to prevent the chances of heart attacks on account of deposition of cholesterol in the blood vessels ( ., 2012, p.107) Carlier et al Table 1: Importance of the routine measures Examining the importance of these reports on the care planning of the individual In a case of the problems associated with the blood pressure of the individual, the service providers ensure that the excessive cause of hypertension is not evident on the service users. Moreover, in this case, the excessive exercises and provision of comfortable and less strenuous exercises led to the development of effective care plan for the individual. Monitoring the pulse is essential for the service providers in preparing an effective care plan for the individual (Smith and Street, 2013, p.122). This is due to the provision of the minor exercises and if the condition of the obesity is found to be more, the individual is provided with exercises and body activities, which may increase the functioning of the heart. The reports of the body temperature provide the information to the care providers that the individual may be affected with the antigens or foreign infections. In this case, the blood tests may be prescribed to the individual and the conditions are maintained by the serv ice providers that does not increase the detrimental effects of the pathogens. The Electrocardiographic analysis of the heart reveals the state of the heart of the individual. Medicines may be prescribed by the doctors and the care may be adopted by the service users to avoid the detrimental consequences of atherosclerosis and heart attacks (Kennedy et al., 2013, p.f2882). Explaining the impacts of her age on the body structure and functions It has been observed that the age of the individuals has a direct relationship with the structure and the functioning of the body. The recent studies indicate that the body mass and the muscle mass of the individuals decrease with age (Tiggemann and McCourt, 2013, p.626). It has been seen that the functioning and the flexibility of the bones decreases with age. In this case, Mary is 78 years old and she suffers from osteoarthritis and diabetes and moreover the increase in the age increases her tendency to fall. Therefore, she experiences fear of falling on account of the lack of the effective body balance that she used to have when she was young. Further, the amount of physical activities that she was able to perform at the younger age has been considerably reduced. Moreover, according to Schousboe et al. (2013, p.173), the hormonal imbalances are seen and this led to the cause of diabetes. On account of the lack of physical exercises, Mary was unable to undergo walking and physical exercises. Moreover, she feels dizziness and her ability to take decisions decreased in this case. This resulted from the decrease of the myelin sheath around the neurones and this led to the lack of the decision-making the ability of the individuals. Assessing the impacts of the conditions on her body structure and function It has been observed that amount of the physical activities of the individuals continue to decrease with age. This lack of the physical exercises lead to the lack of the ability to perform and the loss of the body balances are evident. As suggested by Schuna Jr et al. (2013, p.915), this may lead to the loss of body balance and ultimately lead to the falls and accidents on Mary. Moreover, the lack of the outing and interactions with the society are evident on Mary. As a result of this, the cognitive decision-making ability of Mary consequently decreased, and this has been sourced to the decay of the myelin sheath around the neurones. This has been accounted due to the lack of the body activities and the increase in the age of the individual. Therefore, in this case, Mary is unable to take decisions and always experiences fears, helplessness, and imbalances. As she is 78 years old, she experiences a higher rate of cell death as compared to the younger individuals. This lack of exercises may lead to the development and the detrimental effects of diabetes. She may have a higher blood sugar and a number of additional consequences may occur including the diabetic foot and diabetic retinopathy (Fischer et al., 2014, p.380). Relating the effects of her medical conditions and infections to routine care As she has diabetes, it is important for Mary, to be assisted by the service providers to be taken out for walk and exercises. This will reduce the fear of falls as she is assisted by the service providers. In this case, the service providers are required to provide the diet to her, according to the strict charts, to maintain a stable blood glucose level (Thifault et al., 2013, p.79). In this case, she may experience falls and accidents and the wounds will be difficult to heal on account of her diabetic conditions. Further, the assistances by the service providers will enable her to go out in the surrounding and maintain a stable interaction with the community. This may improve her mental and nervous states as she may be able to communicate effectively with the locality. As she experiences falls, the better communication with the service providers will enable them to prepare a risk assessment plan for Mary and accordingly implement the plan to promote a person-centred care for her. This may improve her mental health and allow her to communicate and undergo walks or exercises in the surroundings. Her lack of balance due to osteoarthritis may be minimised to some extent, on account of the balanced and controlled diet and regular exercises (Yu et al., 2016, p.A6882). Conclusion From the above studies, it may be ascertained that the routine measures are conducted on the individual patients and these routine measures provide the information about the body function and the physiology of the individual. Further, this allows the service providers to prepare a specific care plan and a risk assessment plan for the individual patients, thus allowing them to provide a person-centred care to the individual service users. 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