Scientific managers believe in business organisations without people Essay

Scientific managers believe in business organisations without people and human relations managers believe in people without organisations - Essay Example It is because of its problem solving capabilities through the application of scientific methods that it came to be put forth as a means of managing industries (Hughes 2004, p.251). Despite its falling into disuse for a number of years in main stream industries, its resilience can be seen through its being applied in different industries in the modern world as a means of boosting production. It was reported that during its initial application, this form of management became quite unpopular with workers because of the higher demand that it required of them. The initial application of scientific management creates a situation where there were threats of and at times actual strikes in a bid to remove the system from being used. This was because apart from the high demands it made from workers; it was also responsible for alienating them in such a manner that it put more emphasis on the importance of organizations at the expense of workers. Because of its stressing the importance of organizations, scientific management made it possible for the development of policies, which were designed to ensure that workers had to work for longer hours for lesser pay as a means of maximizing their potential while at the same time increasing profits. This system concentrated more on increasing worker output for so that industries could produce more goods for sale, hence creating a situation where the industry can continue to make profits while making maximum use of its workers. Scientific management came to be extremely popular in planned economies such as the Soviet Union and East Germany through the advocacy of Aleksei Gastev, who believed in the scientific organization of labour to ensure that the Soviet Union came to achieve maximum growth (Beissinger 1988, p.35). It can be said that the ideas of scientific management still have a significant influence on how management is conducted in the modern world since some companies in suc h countries

Germany's Holocaust Memorial Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Germany's Holocaust Memorial - Term Paper Example (BBC News). One of the controversies that dog the memorial is the criticism that it exclusively commemorates only the extermination of Jews, disregarding the countless other victims of Nazi oppression, including homosexuals and gypsies. A later monument to Nazi homosexual victims stands opposite the Jewish memorial. The visitors’ information center constructed under the stele is a compromise against the criticism that the entire implications of Holocaust and its history are not appropriately represented by the public sculpture aboveground. The information center ensures that the memorial combines the aims of memory and pedagogy. The accusation of unjust exclusivity also dogs the United States’ Holocaust Memorial Museum in Washington D.C. in the context of the absence of national memorials to the victims of slavery or the genocide of the Indians. While the unmatched horror of the Holocaust cannot be denied, I believe that slavery and the massacre of the Indians are ethnic events which require commemoration in the nation of their occurrence. In my opinion, memorials to such atrocities serve a vital need in society. They are not just contemporary symbols of regret for the horrors of the past, but serve as documentations of history, and living gate-keepers to the conscience of the

Open topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Open topic - Essay Example Opponents of marijuana use have offered diversified arguments to support the current laws that limit application of the drug. One of the arguments identifies the intoxicating effect of the drug and notes that legalizing it will have adverse effects on physical activities. Using the work environment as an example, the opponents explain that when people get stoned after using the drug, they are not able to concentrate on their work. Inefficiency at work and mistakes that can lead to accidents will therefore be on the rise with adverse effects on the economy at both macro and microeconomic levels. Loss of focus is also feared among drivers should they drive under significant influence of marijuana because this is likely to increase incidences of road accidents. This is because marijuana affects people’s rationale and reduces ability to make instantaneous responses. It is also argued that smoking marijuana is immoral because of its effect on the society. Legalizing the drug is lik ely to increase its exposure and young people will be more vulnerable to using it. At the same time, the drug has adverse effects such as damaging users’ bodies and mind. Significance of these effects has been used to support current laws (Steve 48). Habits develop gradually and this offers another argument against legalization of marijuana. The proponents of the status quo on illegality of marijuana argue that marijuana will act as a stepping-stone to consumption of stronger drugs. Making marijuana legal will expose many people to use and dependence on drugs and the victims, after a period of consumption, will seek drugs that can offer greater stimulating effects. Disadvantages of the hard drugs such as adverse effects on people’s bodies develop fears that legalization of marijuana will have serious secondary effects. Effects of smoking on other people are another offered reason for opposing legalization of marijuana. While a smoker has intentions to expose self to sm oke and chemicals in marijuana, such smoking exposes other people to the factors. This only favors smokers and it endangers their lives at no benefit at all. The government however has the responsibility for protecting the public through such arms and formulation of policies that limits such usage and strict implementation of the policies ensures that people do not suffer because of effects of secondary smoking. It is also believed that legalization of marijuana could set a bad precedent towards calls for an eventual legalization of harder drugs. This will however be detrimental to the society because of the more adverse effects of the hard drugs such as cocaine and heroin (Balanced Politics 1). Analysis of these opponent arguments however exposes a number of weaknesses because the fears can be managed or may not be real. Considering the proposed adverse effects of marijuana legalization on safety on roads or at workplaces, legalizing the drug may increase its accessibility but that does not mean that the other drugs are safe. Alcohol, for example, is legal and have similar effects as the proposed effects of marijuana. Developed measures such as laws that regulate driving while intoxicated and work environment’s codes of conduct have regulated alcohol consumption and can be used to regulate consumption of marijuana at places

Recruiting,retaining and developing staff Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Recruiting,retaining and developing staff - Essay Example Some of the processes considered during recruitments are planning, strategy development, searching, screening, and evaluation. Research shows that strategies are more important for any company that needs to recruit or attract employees. Such strategies address the immediate and long term needs of finding potential employees (Kumar & Sharma 550). An organization uses various methods during the recruitment process. Such methods have effects on the selection process and the efficiency of selection in a number of ways; first, methods used determines the number of applicants, more so qualified applicants that can be recruited for certain positions. Secondly, it determines the organization’s process of meeting its obligations to hire minority groups. This is done by advertising, sending information to minority colleges, and searching for qualified minority women. Thirdly, effects on the turnover rates of employees is inevitable, the facts is that lower turnover rates is evaluated because recruiters shows the positive and negative aspects of certain jobs. For example, in most cases the recruiters provides unrealistic expectations to the applicants about the company and jobs. Applicants are likely to be frustrated, dissatisfied, or leave a job at early stages. To avoid such actions, a company should provide a clear picture o f a company’s working, and training process (Kumar & Sharma 551). The recruitment process is done through two different sources; internal sources and the external sources. The internal source of recruitment is done by promoting workers in the lower level of job to the higher level. In most cases, the employees in the lower level are trained by the organization to have enough qualification for higher level. Research shows that, an internal source of recruitment is good for an organization because low cost of training is realized (Kumar & Sharma 551). External sources of recruitment are done to fill the vacancies at the lower level

Intellectual property right Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Intellectual property right - Assignment Example To a certain extent, it prevents the plethora of similar products. It helps an organization to remain unique in its own products. This paper discusses the necessity of Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) and how it provides good protection for traditional knowledge as well as patents. The Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) is an international agreement, administered by the World Trade Organization (WTO). It annotates minimum standards and guidelines for the various forms of intellectual property (IP) regulations, for nations who are signatories of the WTO. TRIPS came into existence in 1994, through the negotiations in the final stages of the Uruguay Round of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), guaranteeing protection for many things. When the Uruguay Round concluded and the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS Agreement) was put into force in 1994 many believed that it is a step towards reaching a global solution for many product violation cases. (Alsegard 2004). Trips recommends all its signatory nations to follow and bring into effect the laws protecting intellectual property of various organizations, countries or individuals. The signatories consist of 153 countries, which represent s close to 95% of total world trade. These countries can be assured of, if or when they implement TRIPs, will be the avoidance of the economic and trade sanctions which industrialised countries would be entitled to impose under the terms of GATT. (McGrath 1996). There are certain standards which the nations laws should meet with regards to IP rights including: copyright rights, like the rights of performers including music artists, films, geographical indications, trademarks, etc, etc. These standards are stipulated by the TRIPS. Hence the WTO’s TRIPS agreement aims to facilitate the protection of rights in a more efficient way and so that it can be

Problems with the Channel Tunnel Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Problems with the Channel Tunnel Project - Essay Example This paper discusses that the Channel Tunnel project represents one of the greatest engineering feats executed in the twentieth century. The tunnel project connects England and France through a railway link that exists in the ground layer under water. This project effectively reduced the dependency on the English Channel as a means of transportation between England and France. Moreover, this project can be seen as laying the basis for larger and longer tunnel projects that might one day even connect the Atlantic. On the business front, the Channel Tunnel project represents one of the largest privately funded projects ever undertaken. The project relied on the cooperation between two governments, several bankers providing the funding and several contractors along with numerous regulatory agencies. As mentioned before, the engineering aspects of the tunnel and its railway traffic represented new unbroken ground. This in itself represented new challenges as the Channel Tunnel forced eng ineers to do what was previously seen as impossible. As the Channel Tunnel project proceeded, several major and myriad minor changes had to be undertaken to make the project a success. The Channel Tunnel project represented something that had never been done before so the challenges confronting all teams on all fronts were new and required innovation to be dealt with successfully. Later changes in the structure of the project also mandated some large changes. Finally, as the Channel Tunnel project was commissioned, it was found that the project was both over budget and late. A number of complex factors and situations were responsible for creating delays and overruns through the life of the project. This text will attempt to analyse the complex factors that were responsible for these delays and overruns while also suggesting solutions that could be implemented in the future to avoid similar problems. These factors will be looked at in detail from the perspective of the planning and i mplementation phases that represent the greatest project management problems. 2. Problems with the Channel Tunnel Project 2.1. Planning Issues The initial planning phase demarcated that the Channel Project was to provide a fixed transportation system that connected England and France. This new transportation connection was expected to spur economic growth and development. In addition, the Channel Project was expected to aid the integration of Britain with mainland Europe in order to improve European trade. Moreover, the tunnel between England and France was expected to provide cheaper alternatives to more expensive modes of transportation such as shipping and air transport. The railway system envisioned for the purpose was also better in that it was a high-speed system when compared to both shipping and air transport. Although working for the Channel Tunnel had been on going in the seventies but the real concrete measures came through in 1984. The British and French governments agre ed to common proposals for safety, security and environmental concerns before the project was opened up for bidding. Both governments in 1985 requested the first proposals for the Channel Project. A number of proposals were submitted for the Channel Project. After an evaluation from both the British and French sides, the proposal submitted by Channel Tunnel Group / FranceManche (later Eurotunnel) was accepted. The initial proposal delineated a 32-mile double rail tunnel that was to accommodate passenger trains as well as cargo trains and a special truck and car carrying shuttle service. The initial bid price was set at some $5.5 billion for the entire project. 2.2. Shortage of Time for Planning The initial proposals were submitted in a short period and this in turn led to many oversights that could have been avoided by detailed studies. When put in a project management perspective, it could be surmised that high-level design estimates along with rough order of magnitude estimates co uld have led to better estimates as to the total scope and cost of the project. The shortage of

Intercultural Communication in Workplace Case Study

Intercultural Communication in Workplace - Case Study Example Morgan. He seemed to be in a jovial mood. Immediately Mrs. Morgan followed him to his office. Mrs. Morgan didn't understand why Mr. Ablerto could have called her this early to his office. Although she did not understand why she was called she remembered that there were some sales document that were supposed to be signed by the general manager and passed to the production department as the deliveries were expected to be made by that afternoon. But when she reached the office she found it in a total mess as it had not been clean and she thought she had been called to put it in order. As she was collecting the papers on the floor she remembered about the sales documents. First when Mr. Alberto waved his hand, he did not intend to call Mrs. Morgan but it was a form of greeting. Mr. Alberto happens to be an Italian while Mrs. Morgan was an American. Apparently in the Italian culture, their form of waving is the same as telling someone to come while waving in the sense that they move their fingers up and down while waving. In the American culture this is same as calling someone. So when Mr. Alberto waved at Mrs. Morgan he was greeting her but not calling her. But this was misinterpreted by Mrs. Morgan who followed him to the office. Not knowing why she was called, Mrs. Morgan immediately went and started collecting some papers which were scattered in the office. She apparently judged that the only reason why Mr. Ablerto would have called her was that his office had not been cleaned and perhaps wanted her to keep it in order. So she apparently set out collecting the paper that had been scattered on the floor. She decided to ask about the status of the documents that were to be signed. According to the answer that she was given by Mr. Ablerto she interpreted it for yes though Mr. Alberto meant no in his Italian language. Apparently he appeared very busy and did not pay attention to the details of the conversation. Mrs. Morgan left the office satisfied that the documents had been signed and she relaxed in her office waiting to collect and deliver the orders. These two issues as presented in the conversation are actually some of the cultural issues that acted as a barrier to communication. First Mrs. Morgan didn't understand that Mr. Alberto was waving at her to greet her and was not calling her. This was a misinterpretation of the meaning of the non verbal expression. The difference in the interpretation here was affected by the cultural interpretation of the meaning of the gesture between the Italian and American cultures. This created as barrier in